// API callback
metaset({"version":"1.0","encoding":"UTF-8","entry":{"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom","xmlns$blogger":"http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008","xmlns$georss":"http://www.georss.org/georss","xmlns$gd":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005","xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7030318226622508810.page-6725412838840443787"},"published":{"$t":"2016-11-17T11:30:00.000-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2016-11-17T11:30:38.159-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Reference Articles"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 21.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIntroductory\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/propaganda\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPropaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, entry in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEncyclopædia Britannica\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Active_measures\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EActive Measures\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, entry in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWikipedia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EShort general introductions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2014\/09\/russia-putin-revolutionizing-information-warfare\/379880\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussia and the Menace of Unreality\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow Vladimir Putin is revolutionizing information warfare\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Atlantic, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESeptember 9 2014.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/euromaidanpress.com\/2016\/05\/05\/a-guide-to-russian-propaganda-part-1-propaganda-prepares-russia-for-war\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EA guide to Russian propaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPart 1: Propaganda prepares Russia for war\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEuroMaidanPR, 5 May 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.seattleglobalist.com\/2015\/05\/06\/russia-today-rt-putin-holocaust-ultra-right\/35844\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHave you been watching Russian government propaganda?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Patrick Hilsman - May 6, 2015, in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESeattle Globalist\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/observer.com\/2016\/02\/welcome-to-cold-war-2-0\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWelcome to Cold War 2.0\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe risk of the Kremlin rolling the dice against NATO is real\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy John R. Schindler, \u0026nbsp;02\/15\/16, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Observer\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/us-should-do-more-counter-putins-propaganda-345987\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe U.S. Should Do More to Counter Putin’s Propaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy James J. Coyle, on 6\/23\/15, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENewsweek\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2015\/apr\/09\/kremlin-hall-of-mirrors-military-information-psychology\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EInside the Kremlin’s hall of mirrors\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFake news stories. Doctored photographs. Staged TV clips. Armies of paid trolls. Has Putin’s Russia developed a new kind of information warfare – fought in the ‘psychosphere’ rather than on the battlefield? Or is it all just a giant bluff?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Guardian, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E9 April 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPropaganda and disinformation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stopfake.org\/en\/kremlin-propaganda-soviet-active-measures-by-other-means\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EKremlin Propaganda: Soviet Active Measures by Other Means\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMarch 21, 2016, by Yevhen Fedchenko, in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEstonian Journal of Military Studies\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.aspeninstitute.cz\/en\/article\/4-2015-four-types-of-russian-propaganda\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Four Types of Russian Propaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EConfusion, Nudge, Mobilization, and the Creation of Alternate Realities\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAndrew Wilson, 4 \/ 2015, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Aspen Review\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stratcomcoe.org\/publications\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence - Publications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESocial media’s role in ‘Hybrid Strategies’. Thomas Elkjer Nissen, 20th September 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussian information and propaganda war: some methods and forms to counteract.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EDr.Volodymyr Ogrysko, 20th September 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stratcomcoe.org\/next-phase-russian-information-warfare-keir-giles\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENext Phase Russian Information Warfare\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\u003Cbr class=\"kix-line-break\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EKeir Giles, 20th May 2016, NATO StratCom..\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.interpretermag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/The_Menace_of_Unreality_Final.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Menace of Unreality: How the Kremlin Weaponizes Information, Culture and Money\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev and Michael Weiss, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Interpreter, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENovember 2014.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2016\/11\/war-goes-viral\/501125\/?utm_content=buffer4a0b6\u0026amp;utm_medium=social\u0026amp;utm_source=facebook.com\u0026amp;utm_campaign=buffer\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWar Goes Viral: How social media is being weaponized across the world\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEmerson T. Brooing and P. W. Singer, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Atlantic\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, November 2016\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ETrolls\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/07\/magazine\/the-agency.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Agency\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFrom a nondescript office building in St. Petersburg, Russia, an army of well-paid “trolls” has tried to wreak havoc all around the Internet — and in real-life American communities.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Adrian Chen, June 2 2015, in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENew York Times\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/russia-trolls-headquarters-media-internet-insider-account\/26904157.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Trolls Who Came In From The Cold\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EOn a Russian “troll factory” worker who quit and then anonymously told her story.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EViktor Rezunkov, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERadio Free Europe\/ Radio Liberty, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMarch 16, 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/apr\/02\/putin-kremlin-inside-russian-troll-house\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESalutin' Putin: inside a Russian troll house\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFormer workers tell how hundreds of bloggers are paid to flood forums and social networks at home and abroad with anti-western and pro-Kremlin comments\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EShaun Walker in St Petersburg, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Guardian, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThursday 2 April 2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/russia\/11656043\/My-life-as-a-pro-Putin-propagandist-in-Russias-secret-troll-factory.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMy life as a pro-Putin propagandist in Russia’s secret 'troll factory'\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAs Russia's \"troll factory\" is taken to court by Lyudmila Savchuk, the former employee tells how she was ordered to blog about ‘great Putin’ and ‘bad opposition’ to the Kremlin\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ETom Parfitt, St Petersburg, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Telegraph, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E24 Jun 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/aug\/18\/woman-who-sued-pro-putin-russian-troll-factory-gets-one-rouble-in-damages\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWoman who sued pro-Putin Russian 'troll factory' gets one rouble in damages\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAgency that hired people to write pro-Kremlin propaganda was sued by ex-employee Lyudmila Savchuk to ‘bring the internet trolls out of the shade’\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAgence France-Presse in St Petersburg, Tuesday 18 August 2015. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-04-29\/unmasking-the-men-behind-zero-hedge-wall-street-s-renegade-blog\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EUnmasking the Men Behind Zero Hedge, Wall Street's Renegade Blog\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“I can’t be a 24-hour cheerleader for Hezbollah, Moscow, Tehran, Beijing, and Trump anymore. It’s wrong. Period. I know it gets you views now, but it will kill your brand over the long run,” Lokey texted Ivandjiiski. “This isn’t a revolution. It’s a joke.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Tracy Alloway and Luke Kawa, April 29, 2016, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBloomberg\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/globalinterests.org\/2016\/04\/26\/the-empire-trolls-back-how-the-u-s-can-respond-to-russian-propaganda\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Empire Trolls Back: How the U.S. Can Respond to Russian Propaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe goal of U.S. public diplomacy should be to establish the United States as a more credible, truthful, and honest broker of information than Russia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Sean Keeley, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ECenter on Global Interests \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E26 April 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHacking\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2016\/10\/whodunnit-russia-and-coercion-through-cyberspace\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhodunnit? Russia and Coercion Through Cyberspace\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERobert Morgus, 19 October 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2016\/10\/even-fake-clinton-foundation-hack-can-serious-damage\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEven a Fake Clinton Foundation Hack Can Do Serious Damage\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ELily Hay Newman, 10 July 16\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/security\/2016\/10\/guccifer-2-0-posts-dccc-docs-says-theyre-from-clinton-foundation\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EGuccifer 2.0 posts DCCC docs, says they’re from Clinton Foundation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFiles appear to be from Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and DNC hacks.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESean Gallagher, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EArs Technica\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 10 May 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 21.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ETechnical\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESocial Network Analysis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/globalvoices.org\/2015\/04\/02\/analyzing-kremlin-twitter-bots\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESocial Network Analysis Reveals Full Scale of Kremlin's Twitter Bot Campaign\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIt reveals the shockingly large extent of the Kremlin’s Twitter bot network \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Ethen\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, but probably far from the “full scale of” the Russian Twitter bot-net \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Enow\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, and their bot-net is only one, probably quite small part of their campaign.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ELawrence Alexander, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EGlobal Voices\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 2 April 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stratcomcoe.org\/social-media-tool-hybrid-warfare\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESocial Media as a Tool of Hybrid Warfare\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESanda Svetoka, 7 July 2016, NATO StratCom.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/aktivnyye.com\/t\/20160207-fringenet1.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Fringes of Disinfo: A Network Based on Referrers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Andrew Aaron Weisburd, 7 Febuary 2016, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Eактивные мероприятия\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/globalvoices.org\/2015\/09\/29\/russia-material-evidence-propaganda-offline-network\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhen Online Kremlin Propaganda Leaves the Web, It Looks Like This\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“Material Evidence” is one of the pro-Putin Internet websites used to coordinate troll factories.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ELawrence Alexander, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EGlobal Voices\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 29 September 2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow To Guides to Citizen Intelligence\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/inteltechniques.com\/book1.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EOpen Source Intelligence Techniques - 5th Edition (2016)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMichael Bazzell, 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/globalvoices.org\/2015\/07\/13\/open-source-information-reveals-pro-kremlin-web-campaign\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EOpen-Source Information Reveals Pro-Kremlin Web Campaign\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow to use Google Analytics to track Kremlin agents of influence.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ELawrence Alexander, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EGlobal Voices\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 13 July 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/cover_story\/2016\/10\/was_a_server_registered_to_the_trump_organization_communicating_with_russia.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWas a Trump Server Communicating With Russia?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThis spring, a group of computer scientists set out to determine whether hackers were interfering with the Trump campaign. They found something they weren’t expecting.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFranklin Foer, 31 October 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 21.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPolitical context \u0026amp; consequences\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EGlobal\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stopfake.org\/en\/the-kremlin-s-total-information-warfare-with-no-moral-boundaries\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Kremlin’s Total Information Warfare with No Moral Boundaries\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EVladimir Sazonov, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EStopFake.org \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Eoriginally published in Diplomaatia, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E2 November 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/21413849-nothing-is-true-and-everything-is-possible\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENothing Is True and Everything Is Possible: The Surreal Heart of the New Russia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, (book) published by \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPublicAffairs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, November 11th 2014.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2015\/06\/23\/beyond-propaganda-legatum-transitions-forum-russia-china-venezuela-syria\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBeyond Propaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow authoritarian regimes are learning to engineer human souls in the age of Facebook.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EForeign Policy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 23 June 2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2015\/12\/war-2015-china-russia-isis\/422085\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBrave New War: A new form of conflict emerged in 2015—from the Islamic State to the South China Sea.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThis article considers the use of propaganda and disinformation by authoritarian regimes globally, not only by Russia, and with a larger focus on Syria than in many other articles.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Atlantic\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 29 December 2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/how-vladimir-putin-russia-became-che-guevara-of-right-wing\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow Putin became the Che Guevara of the Right\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“In these looking glass games, those who try to undermine the Trumps and Le Pens of this world by accusing them of being too close to the Kremlin risk merely doing them a favor.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPolitico\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 11 March 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.diplomaatia.ee\/en\/article\/the-challenge-of-russias-anti-western-information-warfare\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Challenge of Russia’s Anti-Western Information Warfare\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAnton Shekhovtsov, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EDiplomaatia, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EApril 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/hudson.org\/research\/12928-the-kleptocracy-curse-rethinking-containment\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Kleptocracy Curse: Rethinking Containment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“Across the world, money laundering on an epidemic scale is undermining American foreign policy: crippling development, threatening democracy, damaging Western soft power and fueling state collapse. Across the West, this staggering flow of illicit funds has turned authoritarian kleptocrats into powerful players increasingly able to wield power inside Western institutions and game them to their own ends. There is only one way to block the illicit flows that empower kleptocrats and undermine democracy: Ending anonymous shell companies must become a national security priority for the U.S.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBen Judah, Hudson Institute, 20 October 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\u003Cbr class=\"kix-line-break\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EUSA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/us11.campaign-archive2.com\/?u=cd23226ada1699a77000eb60b\u0026amp;id=f2c44798c1\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\"America is Ours!\" weekly Disinfo Review from EUvsDisinfo\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEUvsDisinfo\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 11 November 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/craigsilverman\/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook?utm_term=.vtXRm5zoY#.vfBe6VJqM\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EViral Fake Election News Outperformed Real News On Facebook In Final Months Of The US Election\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EA BuzzFeed News analysis found that top fake election news stories generated more total engagement on Facebook than top election stories from 19 major news outlets combined.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ECraig Silverman, BuzzFeed News, 16 November 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2016\/11\/russia-putin-elections\/506663\/?utm_source=twb\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhat Vladimir Putin Wants From America's Elections\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EA discussion on the sources of Russian conduct\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\u003Cspan id=\"docs-internal-guid-87154ae3-731f-9d17-620b-2d8fc4ce762c\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev and Arkady Ostrokovsky, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Atlantic,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E 6 November 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2016\/08\/michael-morell-endorses-clinton-226707\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFormer CIA chief: Putin recruited Trump as an 'unwitting agent' of Russia\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Nick Gass, 08\/05\/16, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPolitico\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/paulroderickgregory\/2016\/06\/05\/putins-army-of-internet-trolls-is-influencing-the-hillary-clinton-email-scandal\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPutin's Army Of Internet Trolls Is Influencing The Hillary Clinton Email Scandal\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Paul Roderick Gregory, 5 June 2016, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EForbes\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/world\/us-election\/trumpputin-russias-information-war-meets-the-us-election-20160609-gpf4sm.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EDonald Trump and Vladimir Putin: Russia's information war meets the US election\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Chris Zappone, 15 June 2016, in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESydney Morning Herald\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/magazine\/story\/2016\/04\/donald-trump-2016-russia-today-rt-kremlin-media-vladimir-putin-213833\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Kremlin’s Candidate\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIn the 2016 election, Putin’s propaganda network is picking sides\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMichael Crowley, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPolitico, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMay\/June 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/observer.com\/2016\/08\/vladimir-putin-has-already-won-our-election\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EVladimir Putin Has Already Won Our Election\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIt’s time to face the facts: Kremlin spies and hackers are undermining American politics\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy John R. Schindler, 08\/13\/16, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Observer\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/maxseddon\/documents-show-how-russias-troll-army-hit-america\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EDocuments Show How Russia’s Troll Army Hit America\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Max Seddon, on June 2, 2014, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBuzzfeed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/russia-internet-trolls-and-donald-trump-2016-7\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIt looks like Russia hired internet trolls to pose as pro-Trump Americans\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENatasha Bertrand, Jul. 27, 2016, for \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBusiness Insider\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-election-trump-russia-idUSKCN0WQ1FA\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFrom Russia with love: Why the Kremlin backs Trump\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Andrew Osborn, Mar 24, 2016, for \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EReuters\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/washwire\/2016\/08\/19\/russian-propaganda-isnt-pro-donald-trump-its-anti-u-s-establishment\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussian Propaganda Isn’t Just Pro-Donald Trump: It’s Anti-U.S. Establishment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Ben Nimmo, on Aug 19 2016, in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWall Street Journal\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.interpretermag.com\/how-russian-state-media-covers-the-us-elections-from-bias-to-disinformation\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow Russian State Media Covers the US Elections: From Bias to Disinformation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ECatherine A. Fitzpatrick. The Interpreter, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E9 November 2016\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2016\/11\/trolling-for-trump-how-russia-is-trying-to-destroy-our-democracy\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ETrolling for Trump: how Russia is trying to destroy our democracy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAndrew Weisburd, Clint Watts and JM Berger, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWar on the Rocks\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 6 November 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ETrump isn’t the end of Russia’s information war against America. They are just getting started.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/craigsilverman\/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo?utm_term=.btMexyaME#.udOlD9VPN\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow Teens In The Balkans Are Duping Trump Supporters With Fake News\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBuzzFeed News identified more than 100 pro-Trump websites being run from a single town in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ECraig Silverman and Lawrence Alexander, 4 November 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/russianavos.wordpress.com\/2016\/09\/10\/the-rights-wrong-turn-or-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-putin\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ETrump’s Wrong Turn or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Putin\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\"Such misconceptions about Putin’s Russia are essentially myths for disaffected Westerners grasping for an alternative view of reality. For those piecing together the world via message boards and broadband rather than direct experience, anything and everything can be whatever one needs it to be.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E\u003Cbr class=\"kix-line-break\" \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EUltimately, Trump, who has long aped the affectations of the authoritarian strong man, implicitly offers a key component of palingenetic ultranationalism: the promise of societal rebirth following a period of moral decay. Putin, through his rhetoric and carefully-crafted strong man image, has proved an exemplar for those looking to bring the United States from it knees, even if, in the end, they are merely dragging it into the gutter.\"\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWilliam Echols, Russian Avos, September 10 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEurope\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stopfake.org\/en\/kremlin-propaganda-soviet-active-measures-by-other-means\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EKremlin Propaganda: Soviet Active Measures by Other Means\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThis article traces the evolution of Russian propaganda as part of active measures from Soviet times \u0026nbsp;through Russian occupation of Crimea and the war against Ukraine in Donbas \u0026nbsp;as the climax in use of propaganda and media manipulations.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EYevhen Fedchenko, 21 March 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/euromaidanpress.com\/2016\/08\/10\/nato-losing-war-of-narratives-while-russia-emerges-as-leader-of-nationalist-bloc\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENATO losing war of narratives while Russia emerges as leader of nationalist bloc\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy M. Bahadirhan Dinçaslan, 016\/08\/10, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEuroMaidanPress\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/themoscowtimes.com\/articles\/russian-european-far-right-parties-converge-in-st-petersburg-45010\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussian, European Far-Right Parties Converge in St. Petersburg\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EGabrielle Tétrault-Farber, Moscow Times, March 22, 2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.dreamdeferred.org.uk\/2016\/04\/fascism-and-the-far-right-in-europe-country-by-country-guide-part-one\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFascism and the far right in Europe: country by country guide and analysis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMartin Smith and Tash Shifrin, Dream Deferred, 23 April 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2016\/07\/us-and-eu-separatist-groups-to-gather-on-moscows-dime\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.6667px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EUS and EU Separatist Groups to Gather on Moscow’s Dime\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EUpcoming conference to feature guests from Catalonia and Texas, but no Chechens or Uyghurs\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Casey Michel, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Diplomat, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E26 July \u0026nbsp;2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/vladimir-putin-replicates-his-georgia-model-in-the-us\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe other time Vladimir Putin swung an election\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EFear of Russian manipulation plays a role in the upcoming American elections, just as it did in Georgia in 2012.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: arial; font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMelik Kaylan, 11 April 2016\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2016\/06\/08\/why-putin-is-meddling-in-britain-s-brexit-vote.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhy Putin Is Meddling in Britain’s Brexit Vote\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Kremlin claims it’s neutral as Britain prepares to vote on whether to leave the European Union, but Russia’s own propaganda says otherwise\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Nico Hines and Pierre Vaux, 06.07.16, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Daily Beast\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.pushkinhouse.org\/brexit-pursued-by-a-bear?utm_content=buffere264e\u0026amp;utm_medium=social\u0026amp;utm_source=twitter.com\u0026amp;utm_campaign=buffer\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBrexit Pursued By A Bear\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhat Putin, Trump, and Brexit have in common in an era of misinformation.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESound recording of a panel discussion at Pushkin House with Anne Applebaum, Peter Pomeranzev, Arkady Ostrovsky, Mikhail Zygar and Will Moy. In English.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201617\/cmselect\/cmdfence\/107\/107.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussia: Implications for UK defence and security First Report of Session 2016–17\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHouse of Commons Defence Committee, 5 July 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.naa.mil.lv\/~\/media\/NAA\/AZPC\/Publikacijas\/PP%2002-2014.ashx\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussia’s New Generation Warfare in Ukraine: Implications for Latvian Defense Policy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“the main guidelines for developing Russian military capabilities by 2020 are:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Ei. From direct destruction to direct influence; ii. from direct annihilation of the opponent to its inner decay; iii. from a war with weapons and technology to a culture war; iv. from a war with conventional forces to specially prepared forces and commercial irregular groupings; v. from the traditional (3D) battleground to information\/psychological warfare and war of perceptions; vi. from direct clash to contactless war; vii. from a superficial and compartmented war to a total war, including the enemy’s internal side and base; viii. from war in the physical environment to a war in the human consciousness and in cyberspace; ix. from symmetric to asymmetric warfare by a combination of political, economic, information, technological, and ecological campaigns; x. From war in a defined period of time to a state of permanent war as the natural condition in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: italic; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Enational life.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EJānis Bērziņš, National Defence Academy of Latvia Center for Security and Strategic Research, April 2014.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ESyria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“Syria is an exercise in narrative escalation dominance” Peter Pomeranzev\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2015\/12\/war-2015-china-russia-isis\/422085\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBrave New War: A new form of conflict emerged in 2015—from the Islamic State to the South China Sea.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThis article considers the use of propaganda and disinformation by authoritarian regimes globally and not only by Russia, with a larger focus on Syria than in many other articles but its focus is really global.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPeter Pomerantsev, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Atlantic\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 29 December 2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ELisa Wedeen, 1999, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAmbiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E(book).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIncludes history of propaganda under the Assad regime before the revolution and the counter-revolutionary occupation by Iran and Russia.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/article\/20131123\/OPINION\/131129704\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAsking Assad to stay is asking Syrians to be party to a charade\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EReview of Lisa Wedeen’s book, Ambiguities of Domination.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAmal Hanano, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe National,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E November 23, 2013.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu\/uploads\/pdf\/Wedeen_Syria.pdf\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EIdeology and Humor in Dark Times: Notes from Syria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E“This essay draws on fieldwork done in 2010 and 2011. I was in Syria when the uprising started\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Eand stayed until 21 May 2011. I have subsequently traveled to Lebanon on multiple occasions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Eand lived in Beirut during the summer of 2012. I also spent the winter of 2012 in Paris where I\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Ehad the privilege of conversing repeatedly and at length with displaced Syrians. … My debt to Syrians named and unnamed is inestimable. This article is for them.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ELisa Wedeen, Professor of Political Science at University of Chicago, 2013.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussian domestic propaganda\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/euvsdisinfo.eu\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EEUvsDisinfo\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003Ehas a section of weekly updates on Russian domestic propaganda.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.iwp.edu\/news_publications\/detail\/prof-chodakiewicz-discusses-russian-military-and-influence-operations-at-us-army-europe-senior-leaders-forum\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EProf. Chodakiewicz discusses Russian military and influence operations at US Army Europe Senior Leaders Forum\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EMarek Jan Chodakiewicz, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EInstitute of World Politics, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E27 January 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/euromaidanpress.com\/2016\/08\/19\/scholar-russian-orthodox-church-moscow-patriarchate-supports-domestic-repressions-militaristic-rhetoric-euromaidan-press\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate supports repressions, militarism\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EPaul A. Goble, 19 August 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ch2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 21.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ECounter-Strategies\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.stopfake.org\/en\/anatomy-of-an-info-war-how-russia-s-propaganda-machine-works-and-how-to-counter-it\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EAnatomy of an Info-War: How Russia’s Propaganda Machine Works, and How to Counter It\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERussia’s propaganda assault on the West is well-organized and well-funded. However, it is also predictable, and this is its weakness.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EStopFake.org, 19 May 2015.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/07\/31\/opinion\/sunday\/how-to-counter-the-putin-playbook.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EHow to Counter the Putin Playbook\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Michael A. McFaul, July 30, 2016, in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ENew York Times\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2016\/03\/20\/the-baltic-elves-taking-on-pro-russian-trolls.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Baltic 'Elves' Taking on Pro-Russian Trolls\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhat at first looked like as a social media grudge match could be a precursor to invasion, war, and resistance in the Baltics\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Michael Weiss, 03.20.16, in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Daily Beast\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/cepa.org\/reports\/winning-the-Information-War\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWinning the Information War\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ECentre for European Policy Analysis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003E, 2 August 2016.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/perspectives\/PE198.html\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EThe Russian \"Firehose of Falsehood\" Propaganda Model\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EWhy It Might Work and Options to Counter It\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.656; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003EBy Christopher Pauland Miriam Matthews, July 2016, for \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot;; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003ERAND Corporation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\"docs-internal-guid-87154ae3-72ff-20b9-f842-4ce54f593d52\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/7030318226622508810\/pages\/default\/6725412838840443787"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/7030318226622508810\/pages\/default\/6725412838840443787"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/www.propornot.com\/p\/reference-articles.html","title":"Reference Articles"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"X"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/16401174395512306547"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}]}});